Real-Time Deloading Strategy for PV Systems Based on Voltage Monitoring

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are emerging as a key solution for clean and renewable energy generation. However, to ensure seamless integration with power grids, they must contribute to frequency stability. This requires maintaining an additional power reserve to emulate the real inertia of traditional synchronous generators (SGs) through virtual inertia. Deloading techniques are commonly used to create this power reserve, but many rely on complex mathematical models or require extra sensors, such as irradiation and temperature sensors.This study presents a novel deloading strategy based on a power reserve control (PRC) method that prioritizes simplicity, stability, and accuracy without the need for additional equipment. The proposed approach operates through two modes in DC-DC boost converters: one dedicated to determining the maximum power point (MPP) using the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm and another focused on generating the required power reserve. The effectiveness of this strategy was evaluated using Matlab Simulink under various climatic conditions and benchmarked against an alternative method. Furthermore, its impact on frequency stability was demonstrated in an isolated grid under frequency disturbances, highlighting its potential to enhance PV system inertia similarly to traditional SGs.